{"id":803,"date":"2025-02-07T08:19:47","date_gmt":"2025-02-07T08:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/?page_id=803"},"modified":"2025-02-17T09:53:07","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T09:53:07","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/knowledge-base\/","title":{"rendered":"","raw":""},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_en_post_content":"\n

The following list includes specific sources referenced or included as reading material in the DD-Tech MOOC.<\/a> The list has been prepared as part of the Erasmus+ project, \"Digital Diplomacy: Building the Common Future with Technology,\" by the project consortium. To review the list, please click on the letter to expand the list of sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latest and most comprehensive scholarly overview of the field is<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu, and Ilan MANOR, eds. (2024) The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following specific sources were referenced or included as reading material in the MOOC<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ACHESON, Noelle (2017) How a Tiny Island Could Give Cryptocurrency a Big Boost. CoinDesk.com <\/em>[online website], 30 may 2017, https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/markets\/2017\/05\/30\/how-a-tiny-island-could-give-cryptocurrency-a-big-boost<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ACUTO, Michele (2013) Global Cities, Governance and Diplomacy: The Urban Link<\/em>. Abingdon: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ADESINA, Olubukola S. (2017) Foreign Policy in an Era of Digital Diplomacy. Cogent Social Sciences <\/em>3(1): 1297175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23311886.2017.1297175<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agency for Peacebuilding (2024) Digital technology and inclusivity in peace mediation<\/em>, Policy paper May 2024, https:\/\/www.peaceagency.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/-paper_2024_web-1.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

AIROLDI, Massimo, and Joonas ROKKA (2022) Algorithmic consumer culture. Consumption Markets & Culture <\/em>25(5): 411-428, <\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10253866.2022.2084726<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Associated Press (2024) Anguilla\u2019s .ai Web Address Makes the Tiny Island Money in the AI Boom. Inc. <\/em>[official website], 16 October 2024, https:\/\/www.inc.com\/associated-press\/anguillas-ai-web-address-makes-the-tiny-island-money-in-the-ai-boom\/90989889<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

AYTAC, Ugur (2024) Digital Domination: Social Media and Contestatory Democracy. Political Studies <\/em>72(1): 6-25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00323217221096564<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BAINES, Victoria (2024) International Law, Big Tech Regulation, and Digital Diplomatic Practice. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, pp. 437-456. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BAKER, Stewart, and Paul A. ROSENZWEIG (2022) The Ghost of the Soviet Union Still Haunts the Internet. Medium <\/em>[official website], 28 March 2022, https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/soviet-union-domain-ukraine\/<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BARRINHA, Andre, and Thomas RENARD (2017) Cyber-diplomacy: the making of an international society in the digital age. Global Affairs <\/em>3(4-5): 353\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23340460.2017.1414924<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BARSTON, Ronald Peter (2019) Modern Diplomacy<\/em>. New York: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BEER, David (2017) The social power of algorithms. Information. Communication & Society <\/em>20(1): 1\u201313, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1216147<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BENGTSSON, Stina (2011) Virtual Nation Branding: The Swedish Embassy in Second Life. Journal For Virtual Worlds Research <\/em>4(2): 1-26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4101\/jvwr.v4i2.2111<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BERRIDGE, Geoff R. (2022) Diplomacy: Theory and Practice<\/em>. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BING, Chris, and Joel SCHECTMAN (2024, June 14) Pentagon ran secret anti-vax campaign to undermine China during pandemic. Report from Washington, DC. Reuters <\/em>[online] https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-covid-propaganda\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu (2018a) Propaganda in the digital age. Global Affairs <\/em>3(3): 189-191,  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23340460.2017.1427694<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu (2018b) The Ethics of Countering Digital Propaganda. Ethics & International Affairs <\/em>32(3): 305-315, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0892679418000436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu (2019, January 15). The \u2018dark side\u2019 of digital diplomacy: countering disinformation and propaganda<\/em>, ARI 5\/2019. Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano, https:\/\/media.realinstitutoelcano.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/ari5-2019-bjola-dark-side-digital-diplomacy-countering-disinformation-propaganda.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu (2022) Artificial Intelligence and Diplomatic Crisis Management: Addressing the \u2018Fog of War\u2019 Problem<\/em>, DigDiploROxWP2 Working Paper No.6 (Jul 2022). Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group, https:\/\/www.qeh.ox.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-08\/DigDiploROxWP6.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu, Jennifer CASSIDY, and Ilan MANOR (2019) Public Diplomacy in the Digital Age. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy <\/em>14: 83-101, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/1871191X-14011032<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu, and Marcus HOLMES, eds. (2015) Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice<\/em>. Abingdon: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu, and Ilan MANOR (2022) The Rise of Hybrid Diplomacy: From Digital Adaptation to Digital Adoption. International Affairs<\/em> 98(2): 471\u2013491, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ia\/iiac005<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu, and James PAMMENT (2019) Countering Online Propaganda and Extremism: The Dark Side of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>. Abingdon & New York: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BJOLA, Corneliu, and Ruben ZAIOTTI Zaiotti (2021) Digital Diplomacy and International Organisations: Autonomy, Legitimacy and Contestation<\/em>. Abingdon & New York: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BOOTH, C.F. (1964) Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference, Geneva. 7th October \u2013 8th November 1963. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers <\/em>111(7): 1271-1280, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/piee.1964.0200<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BRATTON, Patrick (2015) Overview of the Diplomatic Landscape. The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development <\/em>1(1): Article 2, https:\/\/scholarworks.arcadia.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=agsjournal<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

BUETI, Cristina, Yining ZHAO, and Nicholas FLACK (2023) Executive briefing on the metaverse<\/em>. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union & World Tourism Organization, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/publications\/Documents\/tsb\/2023-Executive-briefing-on-the-metaverse\/index.html#p=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CALLIARI, Elisa, Jarsolav MYSIAK, and Lisa VANHALA (2020) A digital climate summit to maintain Paris Agreement ambition. Nature Climate Change<\/em> 10 (June): 480, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-020-0794-0<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

CHHABRA, Radhika (2020) Twitter Diplomacy: A Brief Analysis<\/em>. ORF Issue Brief no.335 (January 2020). New Dehli: Observer Research Foundation, https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/public\/uploads\/posts\/pdf\/20230511125636.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CLARKE, Laurie (2021) Tech ambassadors are redefining diplomacy for the digital era. TechMonitor<\/em>, 16 February 2021, https:\/\/www.techmonitor.ai\/policy\/geopolitics\/tech-ambassadors?cf-view<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CONSTANTINOU, Costas M., and Paul SHARP (2016) Theoretical Perspectives in Diplomacy<\/em>. In The SAGE handbook of diplomacy eds. Costas M. Constantinou, Paul Sharp, and Pauline Kerr, pp. 13-27. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COOPER, Andrew F. (2013) The Changing Nature of Diplomacy. In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Andrew F. Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur, pp. 35-53. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DANCY, Geoff, and Christopher J. FARISS (2024) The Global Resonance of Human Rights: What Google Trends Can Tell Us. American Political Science Review <\/em>118(1): 252-273,  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0003055423000199<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DEIBERT, Ronald J. (2019) The Road to Digital Unfreedom: Three Painful Truths About Social Media. Journal of Democracy <\/em>30(1): 25-39, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1353\/jod.2019.0002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DELCKER, Janosch (2023) Where AI Can Replace Diplomats\u2014and Where It Shouldn\u2019t. International Politik Quarterly <\/em>23 June 2023, https:\/\/ip-quarterly.com\/en\/where-ai-can-replace-diplomats-and-where-it-shouldnt<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DiploFoundation and Government of Maldives (2017) Maldives Unveils World\u2019s First Virtual Embassy<\/em>, DiploFoundation [official website], 22 May 2017,  https:\/\/archive1.diplomacy.edu\/pool\/fileInline.php?idpool=463<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diplomat Magazine (2022) Barbados to Establish the World\u2019 First Embassy in the Metaverse. Diplomat Magazine <\/em>[online website], 22 August 2022, https:\/\/diplomatmagazine.eu\/2022\/08\/30\/barbados-to-establish-the-world-first-embassy-in-the-metavesre\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOMINELLI, Stefano (2021) Internet and eDiplomacy: \u2018Traditional\u2019 Diplomatic Law in the Digital Era. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr ausl\u00e4ndisches \u00f6ffentliches Recht und V\u00f6lkerrecht \/ Heidelberg Journal of International Law <\/em>81(3):  733-754, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17104\/0044-2348-2021-3-733<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DONOVAN, Outi (2024) Gendering Zoom Diplomacy: Women\u2019s Participation in Digital Diplomacy. International Studies Perspectives<\/em>, online first, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/isp\/ekae008<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DUNCOMBE, Constance (2018) Twitter and the Challenges of Digital Diplomacy. SAIS Review of International Affairs <\/em>38(2): 91\u2013100, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/sais.2018.0019<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EGGELING, Kristin Anabel (2023) Digital Diplomacy<\/em>. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/internationalstudies\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190846626.001.0001\/acrefore-9780190846626-e-790<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EGGELING, Kristin Anabel, and Rebecca ADLER-NISSEN (2024) Diplomatic Negotiations in the Digital Context: Key Issues, Emerging Trends, and Procedural Changes. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, pp. 420-436. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ENGTOFT MELDGAARD, Anne Marie, and Tom FLETCHER (2024) Digital Diplomatic Representation: The Rise of Tech Ambassadors. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, pp. 420-436. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

European Union (2022) Going Digital \u2013 Good or Bad for the Climate?<\/em>, Brussels: European Commission, https:\/\/climate-pact.europa.eu\/news-and-events\/pact-articles\/going-digital-good-or-bad-climate-2022-11-29_en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

FORESTAL, Jennifer (2021) Constructing Digital Democracies: Facebook, Arendt, and the Politics of Design. Political Studies <\/em>69(1): 26-44, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0032321719890807<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

FR\u00c9CHETTE, Louise (2013) Foreword: Diplomacy: Old Trade, New Challenges. In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Andrew Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur, pp. xxx-xxxiv. Oxford: Oxford University Press, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199588862.002.0011<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Freedom House (2024) Freedom on the Net 2024: The Struggle for Trust Online<\/em>. Washington, DC: Freedom House, https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/report\/freedom-net\/2024\/struggle-trust-online<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

FREEMAN, Chas W., and Sally MARKS (2024, September 23) Diplomacy. Encyclopedia Britannica<\/em>, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/diplomacy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GALIP, Idil (2023) Propaganda, Digital Diplomacy, Meme Wars: How Digital Confrontation Is Shaping the New World Order. In Multipolarity after Ukraine: Old Wine in New Bottles?<\/em>, eds. Aldo Ferrari and Eleonora Tafuro Ambrosetti, pp. 95-116. Milan: Ledizioni LediPublishing (for ISPI), https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/en\/publication\/multipolarity-after-ukraine-old-wine-in-new-bottles-116515<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GARDNER, Frank (2023) Wikipedia operator denies Saudi infiltration claim. BBC <\/em>[online], 9 January 2023, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-64195644<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

GHICA, Luciana Alexandra (2024) Transforming International Development: Navigating the Shift towards Digital Cooperation. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, pp.250-258. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Government of Estonia (s.a) Factsheet: Data Embassy<\/em>. https:\/\/e-estonia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/factsheet_data_embassy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GRINCHEVA, Natalia (2024a) Digital Cultural Diplomacy: From Content Providers to Opinion Makers. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, pp. 194-211. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GRINCHEVA, Natalia (2024b) The past and future of cultural diplomacy. International Journal of Cultural Policy <\/em>30(2): 172-191, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10286632.2023.2183949<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

GSoD annual reports: https:\/\/www.idea.int\/gsod\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HALLLINAN, Blake and Ted STRIPHAS (2016) Recommended for you: The Netflix Prize and the production of algorithmic culture. New Media & Society <\/em>18(1): 117\u2013137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444814538646<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HAMMARSKJ\u00d6LD, Dag (1953) New Diplomatic Techniques in a New World<\/em>, Address to the Foreign Policy Association at a Dinner given in his honor, New York, 21 October 1953. New York: United Nations, https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/dhl\/dag\/docs\/newdiplomatic.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HANSON, Fergus (2012) The History of eDiplomacy at the U.S. Department of State<\/em>. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/baked-in-hansonf-5.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HARRISON, Stephen (2023) Wikipedia will survive A.I. Slate <\/em>[online], 24 August 2023, https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2023\/08\/wikipedia-artificial-intelligence-threat.html<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HARRISON, Stephen (2024) Wikipedia is facing an existential crisis. Can gen Z save it? The Guardian <\/em>[online], 12 September 2024, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2024\/sep\/12\/wikipedia-generation-z-young-editors-chatbots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HIGGOTT, Richard, and Giulia TERCOVICH (2022) A New Diplomacy in the Age of the Global Binary: Digitalisation, Pandemics and the Search for a Global Reset<\/em>, Report edited by Sarah Coolican. London:  LSE IDEAS - Europe Programme & Brussels: VUB, Brussels School of Governance, Center for Security Diplomacy and Strategy, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/ideas\/Assets\/Documents\/reports\/LSE-IDEAS-A-New-Diplomacy-in-the-Age-of-the-Global-Binary.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HIRBLINGER Andreas T. (2023) Building a peace we don\u2019t know? The power of subjunctive technologies in digital peacebuilding. Peacebuilding<\/em> 11(2): 113-135,  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21647259.2022.2154957<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HOCKING, Brian, and Jan MELISSEN (2015) Diplomacy in the Digital Age<\/em>. Clingendael Report (July 2015). The Hague: The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. https:\/\/www.clingendael.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pdfs\/Digital_Diplomacy_in_the_Digital%20Age_Clingendael_July2015.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HOLMES, Marcus (2024) Digital Diplomacy: Projection and Retrieval of Images and Identities. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, pp. 29-44. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

International Human Rights Services (s.a.) A Tool for Diplomats: Protecting Human Rights Defenders as Essential Partners<\/em>. Geneva, New York & Abidjan: International Human Rights Services, https:\/\/ishr.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ishr_19_dg_diplomats_vs4_a4_booklet_nocroppingmarks_0.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ITTELSON, Pavlina, and Martin RAUCHBAUER (2023) Tech diplomacy practice in the San Francisco Bay Area<\/em>. Geneva: DiploFoundation, https:\/\/www.diplomacy.edu\/resource\/tech-diplomacy-practice-in-the-san-francisco-bay-area\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ITU (2023a) Preparing women as policy-makers and cyber-diplomats. ITU News<\/em>, 23 June 2023, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/hub\/2023\/06\/preparing-women-as-policy-makers-and-cyber-diplomats\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ITU (2023b) Measuring digital development: Facts and Figures 2023<\/em>. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/itu-d\/reports\/statistics\/2023\/10\/10\/ff23-the-gender-digital-divide\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00d6NSSON, Christer (2022) Theorising Diplomacy. In The Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft<\/em>, ed. Brian J.C. McKercher, pp. 12-26. London and New York: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KELLEY, John Robert (2010) The New Diplomacy: Evolution of a Revolution. Diplomacy & Statecraft <\/em>21(2):  286-305, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09592296.2010.482474<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KERR, Pauline, and Geoffrey WISEMAN (2017) Diplomacy in a Globalizing World<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KITTICHAISAREE, Kriangsak (2020) International Human Rights Law and Diplomacy<\/em>. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KURBALIJA, Jovan (2013) E-Diplomacy and Diplomatic Law in the Internet Era. In Peacetime Regime for State Activities in Cyberspace<\/em>, ed. Katharina Ziolkowski, pp. 393-424. Tallin: NATO CCD COE Publications,  https:\/\/www.diplomacy.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/PeacetimeRegime-JK-Chapter.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KURZWEIL, Ray (2024) The Singularity Is Nearer: When We Merge with AI<\/em>. New York: Viking, Penguin Random House.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LANGHORNE, Richard (1998) The History and Evolution of Diplomacy. Diplo<\/em>, https:\/\/www.diplomacy.edu\/resource\/history-and-the-evolution-of-diplomacy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

LARSEN, Benjamin Cedric (2022) The geopolitics of AI and the rise of digital sovereignty<\/em>. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/the-geopolitics-of-ai-and-the-rise-of-digital-sovereignty\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

LASSWELL, Harold (1927) The Theory of Political Propaganda. American Political Science Review <\/em>21(3): 627-631, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1945515<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MANBY, Alex, and Fionna McCONNELL (2024) Digital Geographies of Diplomacy: The Uneven Digital Mediation of Spaces and Encounters at the UN Human Rights Council. Political Geography <\/em>113 (August 2024): 103147, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polgeo.2024.103147<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MANOR, Ilan (2018) The Digitalization of Diplomacy: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Terminology<\/em>, DigDiploROxWP2 Working Paper No.2 (Jan 2018). Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Digital Diplomacy Research Group, https:\/\/www.qeh.ox.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-08\/DigDiploROxWP2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MANOR, Ilan, and Zhao Alexandre HUANG (2022) Digitalization of public diplomacy: Concepts, trends, and challenges. Communication and the Public <\/em>7(4): 167-175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20570473221138401<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEDAGLIA, Rony, J. Ramon GIL-GARCIA, and Theresa A PARDO (2023) Artificial Intelligence in Government: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. Social Science Computer Review<\/em> 41(1): 123-140,  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08944393211034087<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEYER, David (2020) \u2018Colonialism\u2019 and crypto claims: Why the .io domain name extension faces an uncertain future. Fortune <\/em>[official website], 1 September 2020, https:\/\/fortune.com\/2020\/08\/31\/crypto-fraud-io-domain-chagos-islands-uk-colonialism-cryptocurrency\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MOREAU, Flavien (2024) An AI-Powered Boost to Anguilla\u2019s Revenues<\/em>. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2024\/05\/15\/cf-an-ai-powered-boost-to-anguillas-revenues<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MUNCK, Gerardo (2009) Measuring Democracy<\/em>. Baltimore: Hopkins Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MYRICK, Rachel, and Jeremy M. WEINSTEIN (2022) Making Sense of Human Rights Diplomacy: Evidence from a US Campaign to Free Political Prisoners. International Organization <\/em>76(2): 379-413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0020818321000424<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Air and Space Museum (2018) How Communications Satellites Helped the World Mourn JFK <\/em>[official website page], 21 November 2018.  Washington, DC: National Air and Space Museum, https:\/\/airandspace.si.edu\/stories\/editorial\/how-communications-satellites-helped-world-mourn-jfk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NYE, Joseph S. Jr, and WELCH, David A. (2016) Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: An Introduction to Theory and History<\/em>, 10th ed. London: Pearson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OECD (2018) Open Government Data Report: Enhancing Policy Maturity for Sustainable Impact<\/em>, OECD Digital Government Studies. Paris: OECD Publishing, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264305847-en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

OECD (2024) Rights in the Digital Age: Challenges and Ways Forward<\/em>, OECD Digital Economy Papers 347. Paris: OECD Publishing, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/deb707a8-en<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O'REILLY, Tim (2011) Government as a Platform. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization <\/em>6(1): 13\u201340, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/INOV_a_00056<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAMMENT, James (2018) Diplomacy and Digitization: A Profession Adapting to New Networks of Power.  Revista Mexicana de Pol\u00edtica Exterior <\/em>113 (May-August 2018): 53-71, https:\/\/revistadigital.sre.gob.mx\/index.php\/rmpe\/article\/view\/264\/243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PATRICK, Stewart (2023) Rules of Order: Assessing the State of Global Governance<\/em>. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2023\/09\/rules-of-order-assessing-the-state-of-global-governance?lang=en<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

PODDAR, Umang (2024) Why Wikipedia has landed in legal trouble in India. BBC<\/em> [online], 30 October 2024, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cdrdydkypv7o<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

RAO, Umesh Hodeghatta, and Umesha NAYAK (2014) The InfoSec Handbook: An Introduction to Information Security<\/em>. Cham: Apress (Springer), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4302-6383-8<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

RICE, Nikolai (2019) Estonia\u2019s Digital Embassies and the Concept of Sovereignty. Georgetown Security Studies Review <\/em>(10 October 2019) https:\/\/georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org\/2019\/10\/10\/estonias-digital-embassies-and-the-concept-of-sovereignty\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

RIETIG, Katharina, and Christine PERINGER (2020) Environmental Diplomacy: Effective Climate Negotiations Through Digital Diplomacy and Facilitation<\/em>, written evidence submitted to the UK Parliament Foreign Affairs Committee on 4.9.2020, https:\/\/eprints.ncl.ac.uk\/file_store\/production\/271458\/DCCC27EC-54C9-43FA-9F36-3198A08669E8.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

RITTBERGER, Volker, Bernhard ZANGL, Andreas KRUCK,  and Hylke DIJKSTRA (2019) International Organization<\/em>, 3rd ed., London: Bloomsbury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ROTH, Emma (2024) How a UK treaty could spell the end of the .io domain. The Verge <\/em>[official website] , 16 October 2024, https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2024\/10\/8\/24265441\/uk-treaty-end-io-domain-chagos-islands<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ROTHE, Delf, Ingrid BOAS, Carol FARBOTKO, and Taukiei KITARA (2024) Digital Tuvalu: State Sovereignty in a World of Climate Loss. International Affairs <\/em>100(4): 1491\u20131509, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ia\/iiae060<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

SCHULTZ, George P. (1998) Diplomacy, Wired. Hoover Digest<\/em>, 30 January 1998. Washington, DC, and Stanford University: Hoover Institution, https:\/\/www.hoover.org\/research\/diplomacy-wired<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

SCHLUMBERGER, Oliver, Mirjam EDEL, Ahmed MAATI, and Koray SAGLAM (2024) How Authoritarianism Transforms: A Framework for the Study of Digital Dictatorship. Government and Opposition <\/em>59(3): 761-783, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gov.2023.20<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

SILVA, Marco (2021) Climate change: Small army of volunteers keeping deniers off Wikipedia. BBC<\/em> [online], 24 December 2024, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-59452614<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

SILVA, Shiroma (2021) Wikipedia in Chinese editing war of words. BBC <\/em>[online], 30 October 2021, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-59081611<\/a>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

STANZEL, Volker, and Daniel, VOELSEN (2022) Diplomacy and artificial intelligence: reflections on practical assistance for diplomatic negotiations<\/em>, SWP Research Paper, 1\/2022. Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18449\/2022RP01<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

STRIPHAS, Ted (2015) Algorithmic culture. European Journal of Cultural Studies <\/em>18(4-5): 395-412, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1367549415577392<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SUROWIEC-CAPELL, Pawe\u0142. 2024. Digital Propaganda and Diplomacy. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola & Ilan Manor, pp.212-231. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SURI, Anirudh (2022) The Great Tech Game: How Technology Is Shaping Geopolitics and the Destiny of Nations<\/em>. Noida, India: Harper Collins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THURMAN, Andrew (2017) Barbados to Become First Sovereign Nation with an Embassy in the Metaverse. CoinDesk.com <\/em>[online website], 15 November 2021, https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/business\/2021\/11\/15\/barbados-to-become-first-sovereign-nation-with-an-embassy-in-the-metaverse\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNDP (2023) A Shared Vision for Technology and Governance<\/em>. New York: United Nations Development Programme, https:\/\/www.undp.org\/publications\/shared-vision-technology-and-governance<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

United Nations (2024) Global Digital Compact<\/em>, September 2024, https:\/\/www.un.org\/global-digital-compact\/en<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

US Department of State (2003) Office of eDiplomacy <\/em>[archived official page]. Washington, DC: Department of State, https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/m\/irm\/ediplomacy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

VADROT, Alice, and Silvia C. RUIZ RODR\u00cdGUEZ (2022) Digital Multilateralism in Practice: Extending Critical Policy Ethnography to Digital Negotiation Sites. International Studies Quarterly <\/em>66(3): 1-13, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/isq\/sqac051<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V-Dem annual reports: https:\/\/www.v-dem.net\/publications\/democracy-reports\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WESTERBERG, Pontus, and Sohel RANA (2016) Using Minecraft for Community Participation<\/em>. Nairobi: UN-Habitat, https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/manual-using-minecraft-for-community-participation<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHITTAKER, Joe (2022) Online Radicalisation: What We Know<\/em>. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, https:\/\/home-affairs.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2023-11\/RAN-online-radicalisation_en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WIKE, Richard, and Janell FETTERROLF (2021) Global Public Opinion in an Era of Democratic Anxiety<\/em>. Washington, DC: Pew Research Centre, 7 December 2021, https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2021\/12\/07\/global-public-opinion-in-an-era-of-democratic-anxiety\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILLIAMS, Robyn (2022) \u2018New-New\u2019 Diplomacy: A New Technological Dawn. Digital Policy Studies <\/em>1(1): 27-38, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36615\/dps.v1i1.1162<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WOUTERS, Jan, and Marta HERMEZ (2016) EU Guidelines on Human Rights as a Foreign Policy Instrument: An Assessment<\/em>, Working Paper No. 170, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, https:\/\/ghum.kuleuven.be\/ggs\/publications\/working_papers\/2016\/170woutershermez<\/a> ZHANG, Alexandre Huang, and Phillip ARCENEAUX (2024) Ethical Challenges in the Digitalization of Public Diplomacy. In The Oxford Handbook of Digital Diplomacy<\/em>, eds. Corneliu Bjola and Ilan Manor, pp. 232-249. Oxford: Oxford University Press, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780192859198.013.13<\/a><\/p>\n","_en_post_name":"knowledge-base","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"Knowledge Base","_et_post_content":"","_et_post_name":"","_et_post_excerpt":"","_et_post_title":"","_tr_post_content":"","_tr_post_name":"","_tr_post_excerpt":"","_tr_post_title":"","_it_post_content":"","_it_post_name":"","_it_post_excerpt":"","_it_post_title":"","_ro_post_content":"","_ro_post_name":"","_ro_post_excerpt":"","_ro_post_title":"","_sl_post_content":"","_sl_post_name":"","_sl_post_excerpt":"","_sl_post_title":"","edit_language":"it","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-803","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=803"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":812,"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803\/revisions\/812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.digitaldiplomat.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}